The situation in Cambodia was first examined by United Nations Security in early 1979. Later that year, the General Assembly considered the issue at its regular session and adopted the first of a long series of resolutions on the issue. One of the provisions of that resolution and subsequent resolutions called on the Secretary-General to follow the situation closely and to exercise his good offices to contribute to a peaceful solution to the problem. Another provision commends the Secretary-General`s efforts to coordinate assistance to the Cambodian people, which amounts to more than a billion dollars over the years. The Conference Coordination Committee, chaired by the representatives of the two Co-Chairs, was established to provide overall coordination of the work of the other four Committees. The Coordination Committee met at the first and second sessions of the Conference. An informal meeting of the Coordination Committee was also held in New York on 21 September 1991. 2. Such measures may include, inter alia, the referral of the matter to the United Nations Security Council or the use of the means of peaceful settlement of disputes referred to in Article 33 of the Charter of the United Nations. At its second formal meeting in Pattaya, from 26 to 29 August, the SNC discussed the draft settlement agreements of 26 November 1990 and, with the participation of the representative of the Co-Chairs and the Secretary-General, made considerable progress in finding compromise solutions to most of the outstanding difficulties. These included the issue of military arrangements during the transitional period. The SNC has requested the Secretary-General, through Prince Sihanouk, to send a number of military observers to Cambodia and to start assistance for cambodia`s rehabilitation as soon as possible.
The Deputy Ministers of the five permanent members and representatives of the Indonesian Co-Chair met in New York on 20 and 21 September to take stock of the situation. On 20 September, they held their second joint meeting with SNC members, during which Prince Sihanouk announced that the SNC had reached an agreement on the issue of decision-making during the transition period. On 21 September, the Co-Chairs of the Paris Conference on Cambodia convened an informal meeting of the Conference Coordination Committee in New York. Following the meeting, Mr. Ahmed assisted the representatives of the Co-Chairs in the consideration and revision of the draft text of 26 June. November 1990 to take account of agreements concluded during the previous 10 months. The revised text was presented to the SNC on 27 September at another informal meeting with representatives of the co-chairs and Mr. Ahmed. The Co-Chairs then made the revised text available to other States participating in the conference. Convinced that a comprehensive political solution for Cambodia is essential to achieve the long-term goal of maintaining peace and security in South-East Asia. 1. Within the framework of the comprehensive political settlement, all assistance shall be provided to Cambodian refugees and displaced persons, as well as to countries of temporary refuge and the country of origin, in order to facilitate the voluntary return of all Cambodian refugees and displaced persons in a peaceful and orderly manner.
Care must also be taken to ensure that there are no residual problems for countries of temporary refuge. The country of origin responsible to its own people will accept their return if the conditions become beneficial. At their sixth session, held on 27 and 28 August, the Five announced that they had agreed on a framework for a comprehensive political settlement of the Cambodian conflict. On the basis of this framework, the Co-Chairs of the Paris Conference convened an informal meeting of the Cambodian parties in Jakarta. The meeting culminated in a joint statement on 10 September announcing that the four Cambodian parties accepted the framework in its entirety as a basis for resolving the conflict and pledged to transform the framework into a comprehensive political solution through the Paris Conference processes. The joint statement also stated that the Cambodian parties had agreed to form the Supreme National Council (SNC) as the sole legitimate body and source of authority in Cambodia during a transitional period. On 20 September 1990, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 668 approving the framework formulated by the Five. Considering that full respect for the principles of non-interference and non-interference in the internal and external affairs of States is of paramount importance for the maintenance of international peace and security.
A few months after the International Conference on Cambodia convened by the General Assembly in New York from 13 to 17 July 1981, Secretary-General Javier Pe`rez de Cuellar renewed the offer of good offices. It invited its Special Representative for Humanitarian Affairs in South-East Asia, Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed, to establish contacts with the main countries concerned in order to assess the positions of the parties and promote the gradual convergence of positions through dialogue. Accordingly, Mr. Ahmed undertook a mission in February and March 1982 to consult with the Governments of the region and encourage them to consider convening a limited international conference in which the parties, the concerned countries of the region and the five permanent members of the Security Council should participate. At the same time, the Secretary-General has continued his own contacts with Governments, both at United Nations Headquarters and in the capitals of the world. He pointed out to the General Assembly at its thirty-seventh session, in 1982, that only a comprehensive political solution achieved through genuine negotiations would ultimately bring about peace. It reaffirmed its determination to continue to exercise its good offices and to assist all parties concerned in seeking a negotiated solution.
Taking note of the statements made at the end of the sessions held in Jakarta from 9 to 10 September 1990, in Paris on 21 and 23 December 1990, in Pattaya on 24 and 26 June 1991, in Beijing on 16 and 17 July 1991, in Pattaya on 26 and 29 August 1991, in Jakarta from 4 to 6 June 1991 and in New York on 19 September 1991. On the 26th. In November 1990, the co-chairs and the five agreed on a text containing three main parts, namely: (1) general agreement with detailed annexes on the proposed mandate for the United Nations Transitional Agency in Cambodia (UNTAC); military arrangements during the transition period; elections; the repatriation of Cambodian refugees and internally displaced persons; and the principles of a new constitution; (2) an agreement on international interests; and (3) a statement on the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Cambodia. From 21 to 23 December 1990, the co-chairs convened a meeting with the SNC to formally present the 26 November text to the members of the SNC. The meeting resulted in agreement on most of the fundamental points. In February, the draft agreements were submitted to Cambodia`s neighbouring countries, Thailand and Vietnam. Among the countries that participated in the Paris Conference on Cambodia in 1989 were the five permanent members of the Security Council: China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. Their presence showed a common interest in a negotiated solution.
In January 1990, they began successively high-level meetings in New York and Paris to discuss the situation in Cambodia. These meetings were an unprecedented and highly visible attempt by the Five to lay the foundations for a general settlement agreement. The Secretary-General welcomed this initiative and reaffirmed that the United Nations would assume any appropriate role agreed upon by the parties concerned and endorsed by the Security Council. However, he stressed that the mandate that could ultimately be given to the United Nations should be well defined, realistic and achievable, and that the Organization should have the necessary resources for its effective implementation. Following the visit of a SNC military fact-finding mission to Cambodia on 30 September, the Secretary-General recommended, in a report to the Security Council, the establishment of the United Nations Advanced Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIIC) to assist the Cambodian parties in maintaining their ceasefire, exercising their good offices and performing liaison functions in the period leading up to the establishment of the United Nations Convention. United Nations on nuclear weapons. and establish a mine awareness program. .